1. The standards Bess follows when citing his work include the title of the book, the author, the publisher, the date of publication, and a page number in the notes. He puts the title of the book first and then the author. He puts the author's first name before the last name. Then he puts the publication date followed by the page number. He uses Ibid when using a source two times in a row. Putting Ibid and a page number is an abbreviation for the same source directly above it with a different page number. Ibid can be used as many times in a row until a different source interrupts the chain.

2. The annotated notes could include additional information or information from primary sources. Additional information includes information that he did not want to put in the book because it could interrupt the flow of it or make the writing have too much information.

3.  When Bess's notes don't include a page number, it usually means that he is backing up his book with a broader idea from a source, not a specific quote or statement from a source. It could also be analytical of a fact that relates to an idea that is not in a direct source.

4. Bess uses footnotes by sentences that reference an annotation or credit a source.

5. Bess is just stating his ideas and supporting the ideas with evidence from other books.